Chapter 6

Miguel Chavez
Chapter 6

• For most people, the second-wave era evokes most vividly the civilizations of Eurasia-- the Greeks and the Romans, the Persians and the chines, and the Indians of South Asia-- yet those were not the one civilization of that era. 
• During this time in Mesoamerica the Maya and the Andean Tiwanaku thrived, as did several civilizations in sub-Saharan Africa, including Meroe, Axum and the Niger River Valley. 
• Were part of that grand process of human migration that initially people the planet.
• Beginning in Africa, that vast movement of humankind subsequently encompassed Eurasia, Australia, the Americas, and Pacific Oceania. 
• Gathering fishing and hunting was used for survival. 
• In the beginning it was estimated that the population on earth was 250 million people. 
• Eurasia had 85 percent
• Africa had 10 percent
• Americas had 5 percent
• Parts of Africa interacted with Eurasian civilization due to his geographic location. 
• Arabia, located between Africa and Asia was another point of contact with a wider world for African peoples. 
• When historians refer to Africa in premodern times, they re speaking generally of a geographic concept, a continental landmass, and not a cultural identity. 
• Africa had many landmasses that was a key interest in many settlers. 
• It also was bisected by the equator, it was the most tropical of the worlds three supercontinents
• In the Nile river south of Egypt lay the lands of Nubian civilization almost as old as Egypt itself.
• Nubian fought and traded with Egypt for years and it conquered Egypt for a time. 
• Kingdom of Meroe was governed by an all powerful and sacred monarch a position held on at least ten occasions by women, covering alone or as co-rulers with a male monarch. 
• Meroe queens actually appeared as woman, with woman clothing while pharaoh of Hatshepsut in Egypt were always portrayed as men no matter what.